A Transistor Museum Interview with Jack Haenichen

The Development of the 2N2222 – The Most Successful and Widely Used Transistor Ever Developed.

 

Oral History – Jack Haenichen

(Continued)

 

So, I was designing these high frequency NPN transistors.  We had an applications department, which was like a customer, who would build circuits.  I would design devices for them.  Leo Lehner of Applications and I collaborated on an effort we called “The Bellweather Customer”.  What we did was pick a few companies which we felt were at the forefront of their business – these were people that were making apparatus that used semiconductors, and we felt that if they needed something, sooner or later, everyone else would too.  It was a very good strategy and worked greatly to our benefit.

 

The three companies that we picked were Tektronix, in Beaverton Oregon, Hewlett Packard in the Bay area, and E.H. Research, which was a very small company in the Bay area that made state of the art pulse generators - it was a one man show.  The president and chief engineer was a guy named Jack Hubbs.  Leo and I would make the rounds every month or so to these places; we’d introduce ourselves at first, and then we got on a first name basis with the chief engineers with all these places.  And I designed devices for these guys.  At this time, everything was NPN bipolar.  It worked out very well, because everyone else wanted the same devices.  A lot of our commercial success came out of that strategy. 

 

 

 

 

Oral History – Jack Haenichen

(Continued)

 

9) How did the discovery of the annular process come about?

 

It turns out that a lot of guys were designing equipment that needed both NPN and PNP devices, in complementary circuitry.  So, no problem, instead of starting with an N-type substrate, you started with a P-type substrate.  Well, I very quickly came upon a major problem, which evidently everyone else had too.  Nobody was able to make PNP planar transistors that had breakdown voltages above about 50 volts.  In order to get higher voltages, you had to use a more lightly doped substrate, and when you went to this lightly doped substrate (for PNP transistors) a phenomenon known as inversion took place.  Under the oxide layer, which is the masking and passivating element of these devices, an inversion would occur and it would switch over to N-type.  So, here’s this little thin layer of N-type on top of the P-type which ran all the way out to the edge of the chip, which was jagged from scribing, and it basically made a dead-short.  So, anybody who was making PNP planar transistors could only make low voltage.  Well, of course, our customers wanted high voltage breakdown.               

 

 

 

Go To Haenichen Oral History, Page 9

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